01. Applied thought based on initial attention. Vitakka.
This factor overcomes the hinderance of sloth and torpor. For example start with sustained and applied meditation on the breath and keep going avoiding distraction.
02. Sustained thought based on examination. Vicāra.
This factor then overcomes the hinderance of doubt and is where one keeps associated mental factors still occupied with the object of mediation, examining and discerning the unique qualities of the object.
For example, continued, concentration on the breath until it becomes subtle or shallow, or otherwise. Once the breath has been analysed one can drop this and then concentrate on the pleasant aspect of the pleasant sensation of knowing and the removal of doubt.
03. Rapture, delight or pleasure. Piti.
An overcoming of the hinderance of aversion. Piti is the physical release of pleasant, exhilarating energy this might be anywhere from mild to quite intense. The mind is enlivened by its facility in the task at hand.
04. Happiness, joy and contentment. Sukha.
Overcoming of the hinderance of restlessness. Sukha is an emotional state of joy and happiness which may accompany Piti. Signifies the pleasant feeling, joy, or contentment that arises with the knowing of the meditation object, this feeling is felt as enjoyment of the taste of what is acquired. This is related to equanimity (upekkha).
05. One pointedness of the mind and collectedness. Ekaggatā or Cittass ekaggatā.
Overcoming of the hinderance of sensual desire, this is where one conglomerates or unifies associated factors with the object of meditation to eliminate distraction.
Once gained one should have single pointed focus on an object, with no distraction, and no wavering.
The mind ceases to seek out new objects of consciousness and becomes unified, resting on one object of consciousness without a tendency to move.
This should result in peace, quiet, and calm in the mind.